Kukandira vharafuinokandwa muvharuvhu, iyo general casting valve pressure giredhi yakaderera (yakadai sePN16, PN25, PN40, asi kunewo kumanikidza kwakanyanya, kunogona kusvika ku1500LD, 2500LB), yakawanda yecaliber inopfuura DN50.Kugadzira mavharuvhudzakagadzirwa kunze.Iwo anowanzo shandiswa mumapaipi egiredhi epamusoro.Iyo caliber idiki, uye kazhinji iri pasi peDN50.
A, kukandira
1. Kukanda: inzira yekunyungudutsa simbi kuita mvura inosangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa uye kuidira muforoma yekukanda.Mushure mekutonhora uye kusimba, iyo yekukanda (zvikamu kana isina) inowanikwa neyakafanotemerwa chimiro, saizi uye kuita.Iyo yakakosha tekinoroji yemazuva ano maindasitiri ekugadzira michina.
2, kukanda kugadzirwa kwemutengo usina chinhu kwakadzikira, kune chimiro chakaoma, kunyanya neakaomesesa magonhi zvikamu, zvakawanda zvinogona kuratidza hupfumi hwayo;Panguva imwecheteyo, ine yakafara kuchinjika uye yakanaka yakazara ma mechanical properties.
3, asi zvinhu zvinodiwa pakukandira kugadzirwa (zvakadai sesimbi, huni, mafuta, zvinhu zvekuumba, nezvimwewo) uye midziyo (yakadai sechoto chesimbi, jecha rekusanganisa muchina, muchina wekuumba, muchina wekugadzira, shaker, pfuti inoputika muchina, cast iron plate, etc.) yakawanda, uye inoburitsa huruva, gasi rinokuvadza uye ruzha uye kusvibisa nharaunda.
4. Kukandira imhando yesimbi inopisa inoshanda tekinoroji ine nhoroondo yeanenge 6000 makore.Muna 3200 BC, matatya ebhuronzi akaiswa muMesopotamia.Pakati pe13 BC ne10 BC zana, China yakapinda muzuva remazuva ekukanda bhuronzi, maitiro asvika padanho repamusoro, senge Shang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding inorema 875 kg, Warring States Dynasty Jinghou Yi Zunpan uye Western Han Dynasty. girazi rakajeka ndizvo zvinomiririra zvigadzirwa zvekukanda kwekare.Kuumbwa kwekutanga kwakapesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nehari, uye mazhinji ekugadzira aive maturusi kana midziyo yekurima, chinamato, hupenyu nezvimwe zvinhu, zvine ruvara rwehunyanzvi.Muna 513 BC, China yakagadzira simbi yekutanga muzvinyorwa zvakanyorwa pasi rose - Jin Casting Ding (inenge 270 kg).Mumakore ekuma800, Europe yakatanga kugadzira simbi yakakandwa.Mushure mekuchinja kwemaindasitiri muzana ramakore rechi 18, kukanda kwakapinda munguva itsva yekushandira maindasitiri makuru.Muzana remakore rechi20, kukurumidza kukura kwekukanda, kwakagadzira ductile iron, inogadziriswa simbi, Ultra-low kabhoni Stainless simbi uye aruminiyamu mhangura, aruminiyamu nesilicon, aluminium magnesium alloy, titanium base, nickel base alloy uye zvimwe zvekukanda simbi zvinhu, uye akagadzira nzira nyowani yegrey cast iron kuti iite kurapwa.Mushure memakore ekuma1950s, matekinoroji matsva akadai sejecha rakanyorova, kuumbwa kwejecha, kemikari inoomesa jecha, kugadzira kwepakati, kuumbwa kwekusagadzikana, uye kumwe kukanda nekupfurwa kwakaunzwa.
5. Kune marudzi akawanda ekukanda.Zvinoenderana neiyo nzira yekuenzanisira, inogara yakakamurwa kuita 0 yakajairwa jecha kukanda, kusanganisira rakanyorova jecha rudzi, yakaoma jecha rudzi uye kemikari inoomesa jecha rudzi 3. (2) yakakosha kukanda, kudhinda zvinhu zvekuumba uye inogona kukamurwa kuita yakasikwa mineral jecha se huru yakakosha yekuumba zvinhu (semuenzaniso, kukanda mari, kukanda mold, shell mold casting foundry, kusamanikidza kukanda, kukanda mold, ceramic mold casting, etc.) kukanda kumanikidza, kuenderera mberi kukanda, kukanda kwakaderera, kukanda kwecentrifugal, nezvimwewo).
6, kukanda maitiro kunowanzo sanganisira: (kukanda (midziyo) inoita yemvura simbi yakasimba kukanda, kukanda zvinoenderana nemidziyo inogona kukamurwa kuita jecha mold, simbi, ceramic, dope, graphite, nezvimwewo, inogona kupatsanurwa nekushandiswa kuraswa, semi zvachose. uye rudzi rwechigarire, mhando yekugadzirira mold ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinopesvedzera kunaka kwekukanda; Iko kunyunguduka nekudururwa kwesimbi yekukanda, simbi yekukanda (casting alloy) inonyanya kusanganisira simbi yakakandwa, simbi yakakandwa uye kukanda isiri-ferrous alloy; (3) kukanda kurapwa uye kuongorora, kukanda kurapa, kusanganisira kubviswa kwepakati uye kukanda pamusoro pezvitunha zvekunze, kukanda kubviswa kwekusimudza, foshoro kukuya burr uye kumwe kubuda, kupisa kupisa, kuumba, antirust kurapwa uye rough machining.
Yechipiri yekugadzira
1, forging: iko kushandiswa kwemichina yekunyepedzera pane simbi billet pressure, deformation yepurasitiki kuti uwane imwe michina michina, imwe chimiro uye saizi yefogi yekugadzirisa nzira.
2, chimwe chezvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvekugadzira.Kuburikidza neforoma inogona kubvisa simbi seyakasimwa yakasununguka, maburi ekushivirira, ma mechanic zvimiro zve forgings kazhinji zviri nani pane zvakafanana zvinhu castings.Kune zvikamu zvakakosha zvine mutoro wakakwira uye mamiriro akasimba ekushanda mumakina, forgings anonyanya kushandiswa kuwedzera kune ndiro, mbiri kana welding zvikamu zvine chimiro chakareruka chinogona kukungurutswa.
3, kuumba zvinoenderana nenzira yekugadzira inogona kukamurwa kuita: 0 yakavhurika forging (yemahara forging).Iko kushandiswa kwesimba kana kumanikidza kugadzira simbi pakati pepamusoro nepasi maviri anti-iron (anvil block) deformation kuti uwane anodiwa forgings, kunyanya manyorero ekugadzira uye mechanic forging.② Yakavharwa nzira yekugadzira.Iyo simbi isina chinhu inoremara pasi pekumanikidzwa mukamuri yekugadzira yeimwe chimiro, uye iyo yekugadzira inogona kupatsanurwa kuita kufa kwekufa, kutonhora kwekugadzira, kutenderera forging, extrusion uye zvichingodaro.Zvinoenderana neiyo deformation tembiricha yekugadzira inogona kukamurwa kuita inopisa yekubikira (iyo tembiricha yekugadzira yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yerecrystallization yesimbi isina chinhu), inodziya yekugadzira (yakaderera pane tembiricha yerecrystallization) uye inotonhora yekubikira (yakajairika tembiricha).
4, iyo yekugadzira zvinhu inonyanya kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvekabhoni simbi uye alloy simbi, inoteverwa nealuminium, magnesium, titanium, mhangura uye alloy yayo.Mamiriro ekutanga echinyorwa anosanganisira tsvimbo, macheni ekukanda, simbi hupfu uye simbi yemvura.Chiyero chechikamu chemuchinjiko chesimbi chisati chachinja kusvika kunzvimbo yechikamu chefa mushure mekushanduka kunonzi chiyero chefogi.Sarudzo chaiyo yekugadzira pane kuvandudza chigadzirwa chemhando, kuderedza mutengo une hukama hukuru.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-01-2021