Vharuvhu yekukandaKana ikandwa muvharuvhu, giredhi rekumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu rekukanda rakaderera (senge PN16, PN25, PN40, asi kunewo kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kunogona kusvika 1500LD, 2500LB), huwandu hwakawanda hwe caliber hunopfuura DN50.Mavharuvhu ekugadziradzakagadzirwa nesimbi. Dzinowanzo shandiswa mumapaipi emhando yepamusoro. Caliber yacho idiki, uye kazhinji dziri pasi peDN50.
A, kukanda
1. Kukanda: inzira yekunyungudutsa simbi kuita mvura inosangana nezvinodiwa uye kuidururira muforoma yekukanda. Mushure mekutonhodza nekusimba, kukanda (zvikamu kana zvisina chinhu) kunowanikwa nechimiro chakafanotaurwa, saizi uye mashandiro. Tekinoroji yekutanga yeindasitiri yekugadzira michina yemazuva ano.
2, kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina chinhu kwakaderera, nekuda kwechimiro chakaoma, kunyanya nezvikamu zvakaoma zvemukati, zvakawanda zvinogona kuratidza hupfumi hwayo; Panguva imwe chete, ine kugona kuchinjika kwakakura uye hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika.
3, asi zvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinokandwa (zvakaita sesimbi, huni, mafuta, zvinhu zvekuumba, nezvimwewo) uye michina (yakadai sechitofu chesimbi, muchina wekusanganisa jecha, muchina wekuumba, muchina wekugadzira core, shaker, muchina wekupfura nepfuti, ndiro yesimbi yakakandwa, nezvimwewo) yakawanda, uye ichaburitsa guruva, gasi rinokuvadza uye ruzha uye ichasvibisa nharaunda.
4. Kukanda imhando yetekinoroji yesimbi inoshanda nekupisa ine nhoroondo yemakore angangoita 6000. Muna 3200 BC, kukanda matatya ebhuronzi kwakaonekwa muMesopotamia. Pakati pezana ramakore rechi13 BC nerechi10 BC, China yapinda mumwaka wepamusoro wekugadzira simbi dzebhuronzi, maitiro acho asvika padanho repamusoro, senge Shang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding inorema 875 kg, Warring States Dynasty Jinghou Yi Zunpan uye Western Han Dynasty transparent mirror ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira simbi dzekare. Kukanda kwekutanga kwakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nemidziyo yevhu, uye simbi zhinji dzaive zvishandiso kana midziyo yekugadzira zvekurima, chitendero, hupenyu nezvimwe zvinhu, zvine ruvara rwakasimba rweunyanzvi. Muna 513 BC, China yakagadzira simbi yekutanga yakanyorwa pasi rose - Jin Casting Ding (inenge 270 kg). Munenge muzana ramakore rechi8, Europe yakatanga kugadzira simbi. Mushure mekuchinja kwemaindasitiri muzana ramakore rechi18, kukanda kwakapinda munguva itsva yekushandira maindasitiri makuru. Muzana remakore rechi20, kukura nekukurumidza kwekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi ine ductile, simbi inonyungudika, simbi isina carbon yakawanda uye mhangura yealuminium, aluminium silicon, aluminium magnesium alloy, titanium base, nickel base alloy nezvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu, uye vakagadzira nzira itsva yekuisa simbi ine grey cast kuti iite basa iri. Mushure mema1950, matekinoroji matsva akadai sekugadzira jecha rakanyorova, kugadzira jecha rakaomesesa, kugadzira simbi ine pressure yakashata, uye kugadzira zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sekugadzira nekupfura pfuti.
5. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzekukanda. Zvichienderana nenzira yekutevedzera, inowanzo kamurwa kuita 0 jecha rekukanda jecha, kusanganisira jecha rakanyorova, jecha rakaoma uye jecha rekuomesa remakemikari rudzi rwe3. (2) kukanda kwakakosha, zvinhu zvekuumba zvepress uye zvinogona kukamurwa kuita jecha remineral rechisikigo sezvinhu zvikuru zvekukanda (semuenzaniso, kukanda mari, kukanda mold, kukanda shell mold foundry, kukanda negative pressure, kukanda mold, kukanda ceramic mold, nezvimwewo) uye simbi sezvinhu zvikuru zvekukanda kwakakosha (senge kukanda simbi, kukanda pressure, kukanda kunoramba kuripo, kukanda kushoma, kukanda centrifugal, nezvimwewo).
6, maitiro ekukanda anowanzo sanganisira: (kukanda (midziyo) kunoita kuti simbi yemvura iite seyakagayiwa, kukanda zvinoenderana nezvinhu kunogona kupatsanurwa kuita jecha mold, simbi, ceramic, dope, graphite, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kupatsanurwa nekushandiswa, semi-permanent uye permanent type, mhando yekugadzirira mold ndiyo inonyanya kukanganisa kunaka kwekukanda; Kunyunguduka nekudururwa kwesimbi yekukanda, kukanda simbi (casting alloy) kunosanganisira simbi yekukanda, simbi yekukanda uye cast non-ferrous alloy; (3) kurapwa nekukandwa, kurapwa kwekukanda, kusanganisira kubviswa kwemukati nepamusoro pemitumbi yekukanda, kubviswa kwekukanda riser, foshoro yekukuya burr nezvimwe zvinobuda, kurapwa kwekupisa, kuumbwa, kurapwa kwekurwisa ngura uye machining akaomarara. Inlet pump valve
Kugadzira kwechipiri
1, forging: kushandiswa kwemichina yekuumba pasimbi billet pressure, plastic deformation kuti pave nehunhu hwakati hwemuchina, chimiro chakati uye saizi yenzira yekugadzirisa forgings.
2, chimwe chezvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvekugadzira. Kuburikidza nekugadzira kunogona kubvisa simbi sezvo maburi ekuputira akakandwa asina kusimba, hunhu hwekugadzira hunowanzova nani pane kuputira kwakafanana kwezvinhu. Kune zvikamu zvakakosha zvine mutoro wakawanda uye mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara mumichina, kugadzira kunonyanya kushandiswa kuwedzera kune ndiro, profile kana zvikamu zvekuputira zvine chimiro chakareruka chinogona kupetwa.
3, kugadzira simbi zvichienderana nenzira yekugadzira kunogona kukamurwa kuita: 0 open forging (free forging). Kushandiswa kwesimba kana kumanikidzwa kugadzira simbi pakati pekumusoro nepasi maviri anti-iron (anvil block) deformation kuti uwane forgings inodiwa, kunyanya manual forging uye mechanical forging. ② Closed mode forging. Metal blank inokanganisika pasi pekumanikidzwa mu forging die chamber yechimiro chakati, uye forging inogona kukamurwa kuita die forging, cold forging, rotary forging, extrusion nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana ne deformation, tembiricha yekugadzira inogona kukamurwa kuita hot forging (tembiricha yekugadzirisa yakakwira kupfuura recrystallization tembiricha yesimbi isina chinhu), warm forging (yakaderera pane recrystallization tembiricha) uye cold forging (tembiricha yakajairika).
4, zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinonyanya kuve zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi yekabhoni nesimbi ye alloy, zvichiteverwa nearuminiyamu, magnesium, titanium, mhangura nesimbi yayo. Mamiriro ekutanga ezvinhu anosanganisira tsvimbo, cheni dzekukanda, hupfu hwesimbi nesimbi dzemvura. Chiyero chenzvimbo yepakati pesimbi isati yashanduka kusvika kune nzvimbo ye die sectional mushure mekushanduka chinonzi chiyero chekugadzira. Sarudzo chaiyo yekugadzira zvinhu kupfuura kuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa, kuderedza mutengo kune hukama hwakanaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-01-2021